Alprostadil

Alprostadil Injection is used to treat erectile dysfunction.

Generic Caverject/ Edex/ Muse/ Prostin VR

Alprostadil

Alpostin, Bioglandin and other generic brands

1

Samarth Life Sciences, United Biotech and others

Injection

500 mcg

India

Alprostadil

I. Introduction

Brief Overview of Alprostadil

Alprostadil, an analogue of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), is an agent that helps dilate blood vessels. It is primarily used to treat dysfunction and certain heart conditions and has gained recognition for its effectiveness and wide range of applications.

Historical Context and Development

Prostaglandins, which were first discovered in the 1950s, have had quite a journey throughout history. Alprostadil, a form of prostaglandin that underwent research, into its pharmacological properties, gained medical approval in the 1980s.

Importance in Modern Medicine

Alprostadil plays a role in various medical fields, not just urology. It is used in specialties like cardiology and vascular medicine because it can widen blood vessels and affect activity. This makes it an essential component of treatments.

II. What is Alprostadil?

Chemical Composition and Properties

The molecule comprises 20 carbon atoms, 34 hydrogen atoms, and two oxygen atoms. Its inherent qualities, such as its tendency to be rapidly metabolized and its short half-life, make it particularly suitable for targeted therapies.

FDA-Approved Status and Regulatory Information

Alprostadil has been approved by the FDA in forms such as injections and urethral suppositories. To ensure its practical use, rigorous monitoring is conducted.

III. How Alprostadil Works

Mechanism of Action

Alprostadil functions as a vasodilator by increasing levels of intracellular cyclic AMP. This action hinders the outflow of calcium ions, resulting in muscle relaxation in blood vessels.

Biological Pathways Involved

It mainly adheres to the cAMP PKA pathway, which subsequently results in relaxation and a reduction in intracellular calcium levels.

Therapeutic Effect in Different Conditions

Erectile Dysfunction; Helps achieve an erection in men Patent Ductus Arteriosus; Aids in closing the ductus arteriosus in newborns Peripheral Arterial Disease; Improves blood circulation, to the limbs.

IV. Uses of Alprostadil

Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction

Management of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Infants

Intravenous Alprostadil is effective in maintaining ductus arteriosus patency in neonates with patent ductus-dependent congenital heart defects until palliative or corrective surgery can be performed 1.

Here are some references that provide more information on Intravenous Alprostadil:

  1. Medscape: This website provides detailed information on the dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more of alprostadil intracavernous/urethral.
  2. Elsevier: This website provides information on the indications and dosage of alprostadil, including its off-label use for ductus arteriosus maintenance.
  3. FDA: This website provides detailed information on edex (alprostadil for injection) for intracavernous use only, including its dosage forms and strengths.

Vasodilation in Peripheral Arterial Disease

Some studies have indicated that intravenous treatments can help improve blood flow in the smallest blood vessels of patients with peripheral arterial disease.

References:

The Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Vascular Disease

Pharmacology in Peripheral Arterial Disease: What the Interventional Radiologist Needs to Know

Treatment Strategies for Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)

Use in Diagnostic Procedures

Its ability to widen blood vessels makes it valuable in angiography for evaluating blood flow and the integrity of containers.

References:

Alprostadil for angiography

V. Off-label Uses of Alprostadil

Raynaud’s Phenomenon

Alprostadil has displayed potential in improving the symptoms of the Raynauds phenomenon by lessening vasospasm and enhancing blood flow to the fingers.

References:

Alprostadil for Raynaud's phenomenon

Female Sexual Dysfunction

While it is still being investigated, certain studies indicate that Alprostadil might have an impact on addressing female sexual arousal disorders.

References:

Alprostadil for female sexual dysfunction

Alprostadil for the treatment of female sexual arousal disorder (FSAD)

Efficacy and safety of intravaginal alprostadil for the treatment of female sexual arousal disorder (FSAD)

Peyronie’s Disease

Investigations indicate that intracavernosal Alprostadil could potentially reduce the development of fibrous tissue in Peyronies disease. However, it is essential to note that the findings are not yet conclusive.

References:

Intracavernous alprostadil for Peyronie's disease

A prospective study of intracavernosal alprostadil for Peyronie's disease

Intracavernous alprostadil for Peyronie's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

VI. Dosage and Administration

Commonly Prescribed Dosages

The dosing schedules vary depending on the condition being treated. However, it is common to use titration to determine the effective therapeutic dose.

Route of Administration

Injection into the penis application inside the urethra and infusion through a vein.

Best Practices for Safe Administration

Maintaining technique is crucial. Additionally, healthcare professionals should evaluate the patient's risk profile before starting treatment to minimize potential adverse outcomes.

VII. Composition

Active and Inactive Ingredients

In addition to the component, Alprostadil's various formulations might include preservatives like benzyl alcohol and diluents such as saline.

Available Formulations

You can find it in forms, such as injections, suppositories for the urethra, and creams that you apply on the skin.

Brand Names and Manufacturers

Some known brands in this category include Caverject, Muse, and Prostin VR, produced by different pharmaceutical companies.

VIII. Side Effects of Alprostadil

Common Side Effects

  • Pain at the Injection Site
  • Priapism
  • Dizziness

Rare but Serious Side Effects

Hematoma and hypotension are significant side effects that require immediate medical attention.

IX. Drug Interactions

Interaction with Blood Thinners

Alprostadil and blood thinners like warfarin can increase the chances of bleeding. This combination requires a reassessment of the patient's blood clotting status.

Interaction with Hypertensive Medications

The simultaneous use of Alprostadil and medications for blood pressure can increase the risk of low blood pressure. Healthcare professionals usually carefully adjust the dosages to minimize this interaction.

Interaction with Alcohol and Recreational Drugs

Alcohol; It can increase the widening of blood vessels, which may lead to a drop in blood pressure. Drugs; There is an increased likelihood of experiencing unexpected side effects.

X. Warnings and Precautions

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to Alprostadil or its Components

Allergic reactions though uncommon have been documented. When such extreme sensitivity occurs, it is essential to stop using the medication.

Risk of Bleeding Disorders

People with bleeding disorders, whether born with them or acquired them in life, are recommended to avoid using Alprostadil because it increases the chances of experiencing hemorrhagic events.

Important Precautions

Patient Monitoring: It is crucial to monitor vital signs and how the patient responds clinically. Sterile Technique for Injection: The Following technique, without any compromise, is absolutely necessary to prevent any infectious complications.

XI. Special Administration Considerations

Administration to the Elderly

Elderly individuals might have an increased sensitivity to the medication. It's essential to adjust the dosage carefully and keep a close eye on their response.

Administration to Pregnant Women and Nursing Mothers

The safety of the drug in this population is still uncertain. Therefore it should only be used in situations where the benefits are are greater, than any possible risks.

Administration to Children

The use of Alprostadil in medicine, especially for treating Patent Ductus Arteriosus, has been extensively documented. However, it is essential to monitor its administration to prevent any potential negative impacts.

 

XII. Overdosage

Symptoms of Overdose

If someone experiences difficulty breathing and shows signs of blood pressure and a rapid heart rate, it could indicate an overdose.

The critical step, in treating an overdose is to immediately stop giving the drug and focus on managing symptoms. This involves providing fluids and using medications to support blood pressure when needed.

XIII. Storage Guidelines

Optimal Storage Conditions

Please ensure that you store it in an environment with controlled room temperature avoiding any moisture. It is also essential to minimize its exposure, to light.

Shelf Life and Expiry

It is essential to follow the expiration date to ensure the medicine works effectively. You should dispose of any medication that has gone past its expiry date.

XIV. Handling Precautions

Safe Handling and Disposal

Make sure to use containers resistant to punctures when disposing of used injection equipment. It's essential to follow the regulations for proper disposal.

What to Do in Case of Spillage or Contamination

It is advisable to clean the affected area using antiseptic solutions. It is also essential to dispose of any contaminated materials, without delay.

XV. Conclusion

Summary of Alprostadil's Medical Importance

Alprostadil is a versatile medication used in various medical fields, including urology and neonatal medicine. Its remarkable ability to dilate blood vessels makes it an essential component in a range of clinical situations.

Recommendations for Safe and Effective Use

The effectiveness of Alprostadil is at its highest when it is administered precisely following an examination of possible interactions with other drugs and any contraindications. It is crucial to monitor and adhere to the best practices in administering medication to achieve the best therapeutic results.

Rated: 5.0 / 5 based on 5.0 customer reviews.

Posted by Ericson on Jun 30, 2018 Verified Purchase

DIY version of Caverject

Caverject is Alprostadil in pre-mixed syringes and was somewhat popular before the invention of Viagra. Quite expensive at about $22/dose 15-20 years ago. Today the price is astronomical. If you look at the dosage for Caverject (you can find it on this web site) and do the math you'll find that one ampoule of alaprostadil (AKA prostaglandin) diluted into 30cc's of sterile saline is a good appropriate dilution but do your own math. It's not that difficult. Start with perhaps a .30 cc dosage and slowly increase until you achieve the desired result. You can find 50cc bottles of sterile saline on Amazon used by nurses who are practicing giving injections. About $12 for 10 bottles. Just extract and dispose 20 cc from the saline bottle then add the 1cc bottle into the remaining 30cc and refrigerate in between use. The product will last 30+ at room temperature so it's not going to go bad if you leave it out for a day.

Note: buy-pharma.md does not imply any medical claims from this review.
Posted by Craig K on Dec 8, 2017 Verified Purchase

Alpsotin

The absolute best value anywhere for Alpostin 500mcg. I have purchased many things over the years and will continue to buy from Buy-pharma. They ship the product with ice bags to keep it refrigerated.

Note: buy-pharma.md does not imply any medical claims from this review.

Customers also bought

Popular Products

Similar Product