Cromal Eye Drops, Sodium Cromoglycate/Benzalkonium

Cromal Eye Drops are an anti-allergic ophthalmic formulation engineered to quell hypersensitivity of the ocular surface. Designed for patients experiencing recurrent pruritus, tearing, and hyperemia associated with airborne allergens and environmental irritants.

• Non-steroidal; non-vasoconstrictive
• Suitable for seasonal and perennial symptom control
• Intended for regular, preventive use during allergen exposure

Sodium cromoglycate (cromolyn sodium) functions as a mast-cell stabilizer. It attenuates ocular allergic cascades at the initiation point rather than masking late manifestations.

• Prevents mast-cell degranulation
• Mitigates release of histamine, leukotrienes, and other mediators
• Favors long-term controller therapy in allergic eye disease

Benzalkonium chloride (BAK) preserves sterility within multi-dose containers. It provides broad antimicrobial protection, yet may interact with the tear film and corneal epithelium in sensitive users.

• Ensures microbial control after opening
• Potential to exacerbate dryness with frequent or prolonged use
• Contact lens compatibility requires caution

Typical indications include:

• Allergic conjunctivitis of seasonal or perennial patterns
• Vernal and atopic keratoconjunctivitis (adjunctive support)
• Allergen-provoked ocular pruritus, tearing, and redness

Formulations commonly contain sodium cromoglycate 2% w/v for ophthalmic use. This concentration optimizes mast-cell stabilization while maintaining excellent tolerability.

• Controller effect improves with consistent dosing
• Minimal systemic absorption from topical administration

BAK is included at low microbicidal concentrations to deter contamination.

• Effective against a range of bacteria and fungi
• May destabilize lipid layer of the tear film with frequent exposure
• Advise lens removal prior to instillation (see Administration)

Excipients typically include buffering agents, isotonicity adjusters, and purified water. Their roles are straightforward yet essential.

• Buffers maintain physiologic pH for comfort
• Tonicity agents reduce stinging on instillation
• Packaging: low-squeeze, tamper-evident dropper bottles

Mast-cell membranes are stabilized, reducing calcium influx and inhibiting degranulation. The upstream blockade restrains both early-phase and late-phase allergic responses.

By suppressing mediator liberation histamine, prostaglandins, leukotrienes. Cromal diminishes vasodilation, chemosis, and nerve activation that drive itch and redness.

• Less itch and tearing
• Reduced conjunctival edema
• Lower reflex hyperemia

Relief is not instantaneous; benefits accrue with scheduled use. Many patients perceive improvement within several days, with maximal effect after 1-2 weeks of continuous therapy.

• Best used pre-exposure and throughout allergen season
• Consistent dosing yields cumulative control

Cromal Eye drops Uses

Primary Uses

Reduces itch, tearing, and burning associated with aeroallergens. Appropriate for repeat seasonal flares.

Initiate prior to pollen surges; continue throughout the season to blunt symptom peaks.

Useful for indoor allergen exposure (dust mites, dander). Safe for long-term maintenance.

• Adjunctive controller in steroid-sparing regimens.
• Helps reduce exacerbation frequency.

Supportive therapy to mitigate chronic allergic inflammation alongside specialist-directed care.

May diminish lens-associated papillary responses when paired with lens hygiene optimization.

Stabilization of mast-cell activity can moderate pruritus and redness in select cases.

Pre-season initiation establishes mast-cell stability, reducing the intensity of first exposures.

When allergy coexists with evaporative or aqueous-deficient dry eye, cromoglycate may attenuate allergic drivers of surface irritation.

Typical regimen: 1-2 drops in the affected eye(s) four times daily, or as directed by an eye-care professional. Pediatric dosing generally mirrors adult schedules when indicated.

Administer at evenly spaced intervals. Continue throughout allergen exposure; reassess if symptoms persist beyond expected periods.

• Wash hands thoroughly.
• Shake gently if labeled to do so.
• Tilt head back; pull down the lower lid to create a conjunctival pocket.
• Instill a single drop without touching the tip to any surface.
• Close eye gently; perform nasolacrimal occlusion for 1-2 minutes to limit systemic absorption.

Remove soft contact lenses prior to dosing; wait at least 15 minutes before reinsertion due to BAK interaction with lens materials. Consider preservative-free periods on heavy dosing days.

For chronic disease, evaluate surface health and tear dynamics at intervals. Step down frequency when allergen load diminishes; escalate temporally during spikes.

Transient tingling on instillation that resolves quickly.

Momentary blur due to drop viscosity or reflex tearing; avoid immediate driving post-dose.

Usually self-limited as the ocular surface acclimates.

Nasolacrimal drainage may cause a brief bitter or metallic taste.

Report persistent edema for evaluation of hypersensitivity.

Continuous burning or pain warrants reassessment of formulation tolerance.

BAK exposure may exacerbate dryness with frequent dosing; consider dosing intervals or alternative preservatives if required.

Hyperemia, pruritus, or dermatitis around the lids suggests preservative sensitivity.

Chronic users benefit from periodic ocular surface examinations, tear-film assessment, and review of concomitant therapies.

Do not touch the tip to the eye, skin, or any surface. Recap securely after each use to preserve sterility.

BAK can bind to soft lenses and irritate the cornea. Remove lenses prior to instillation and delay reinsertion; consider daily disposables during high-frequency use.

Inconsistent dosing or over-frequent instillation may aggravate symptoms. Adhere to prescribed schedules and avoid self-escalation without professional guidance.

Individuals with a documented hypersensitivity to either sodium cromoglycate or benzalkonium chloride should avoid the use of this formulation. Even small exposures may provoke immediate ocular irritation, swelling, or dermatological manifestations around the eyelids.

Some patients experience chronic intolerance to ophthalmic preservatives, particularly benzalkonium chloride. This intolerance can manifest as persistent dryness, conjunctival inflammation, or corneal epithelial damage with prolonged exposure.

A history of allergic responses to cromoglycate-containing eye drops warrants complete avoidance. Manifestations may include intense redness, periorbital swelling, and pruritus that do not resolve with standard symptomatic care.

Age-related alterations in tear film stability and ocular surface physiology demand cautious administration.

• Monitor closely for preservative-induced ocular surface dryness.
• Evaluate periodically for corneal epithelial fragility.

Sodium cromoglycate demonstrates minimal systemic absorption, suggesting a favorable safety profile during pregnancy and lactation. However, prudent medical supervision remains essential.

• Use only under physician-guided risk-benefit assessment.
• Breastfeeding mothers should be counseled regarding negligible transfer into breast milk.

The safety and efficacy of sodium cromoglycate are established in pediatric allergic conjunctivitis, but specific precautions are required.

• Dosage typically mirrors adult recommendations, though compliance challenges may arise.
• Careful monitoring for ocular irritation in younger children is necessary.

Drug interactions with ophthalmic preparations are generally minor but clinically relevant if not managed appropriately.

• When multiple eye drops are prescribed, instill each medication at least 5-10 minutes apart to avoid dilution or washout.
• Concurrent use with topical antihistamine drops may reduce perceived efficacy due to overlapping mechanisms or altered absorption.
• Contact lens cleaning and disinfecting solutions containing preservatives may amplify surface irritation when combined with benzalkonium chloride exposure.

Excessive use may result in transient ocular burning, watering, or blurred vision. Severe complications are exceedingly rare due to minimal systemic absorption.

Flushing the eye gently with sterile saline or clean water is often sufficient. Persistent discomfort requires ophthalmic evaluation.

If the solution is accidentally ingested, gastrointestinal irritation such as nausea or abdominal discomfort may occur. Seek prompt medical advice for supportive management.

Store at controlled room temperature, away from direct sunlight and excessive humidity. Do not freeze the solution.

Eye drops should be discarded within four weeks of opening to avoid contamination, regardless of the printed expiry date.

Keep the dropper tip sterile by avoiding contact with the eye, fingers, or external surfaces. Always close the cap tightly after each use.

Dispose of unused or expired eye drops according to local pharmaceutical waste guidelines. Avoid discarding in household waste or wastewater to minimize environmental impact.

Cromal Eye Drops, combining sodium cromoglycate with benzalkonium chloride, play a pivotal role in the long-term management of allergic eye disorders. Their efficacy depends on adherence to prescribed schedules, awareness of contraindications, and proper administration techniques. Safe usage supported by professional monitoring and patient education ensures sustained symptom control and protects ocular health. For persistent or severe manifestations, consultation with an ophthalmologist is essential to guide ongoing therapy and adjust treatment strategies.

What is the use of cromal eye drops?

Cromal Eye Drop is a medication designed to address allergic eye conditions. It effectively alleviates allergy symptoms like inflammation (redness and swelling), itchiness, and watery eyes.

What is sodium cromoglycate eye drops used for?

To address allergic conjunctivitis, a condition caused by hay fever, dust mites, and various other allergens.

What is the role of benzalkonium chloride in eye drops?

Benzalkonium chloride is the most widely utilized preservative in eye drops.

How many times a day can you use sodium cromoglicate eye drops?

4

Is benzalkonium safe for eyes?

Benzalkonium chloride has been noted to induce eye irritation, resulting in dry eye symptoms and potentially impacting the tear film and corneal surface.

What are the side effects of sodium cromoglycate eye drops?

• Dry eyes
• Allergic reactions
• Dizziness

What age can you use sodium cromoglycate eye drops?

6 years and up

How long does it take for sodium cromoglicate eye drops to work?

2 weeks

Is benzalkonium a steroid?

No

Is sodium cromoglicate good for eyes?

Sodium Cromoglicate Eye Drops are designed to relieve red, watery, and itchy eyes resulting from allergies like hay fever, dust mites, and pet dander.

What are the benefits of sodium cromoglycate?

Sodium cromoglicate eye drops function by preventing the release of natural substances (such as histamine) in your body that trigger allergic reactions.

Is benzalkonium an anti-fungal?

Benzalkonium chloride is a chlorine-derived chemical compound known for its effective antimicrobial properties against bacteria, viruses, and fungi

Can you be allergic to benzalkonium?

Yes

How do benzalkonium chloride eye drops work?

It works by breaking down bacterial cell membranes and is present in over half of all topical ophthalmic medications